TV Taunts

 

It’s springtime.  I wish I could mount a short offense against the Miracle-Grow/Scott’s approach to the landscape I’m forced to watch on the tube.  In my mind, to break down the ad-hoc, trial and error, de-facto string of decisions that’s landed us here at this present point in human endeavors is to go back 200 years or more and rethink the breadth of humanity.  Not a short bite to say the least.  To think we can pour out from a bag all our natural system interdependencies and make every landscape thing  just fine is absurd to say the least.  Barry Bonds teaching us about the real game of baseball is a workable analogy.  Makes me militant.

 

Did anyone catch the Miracle-Gro commercial where they are both cutting Daffodils and picking Tomatoes?   It bends time as well!

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Hipshot: the bigger picture

We (the APLD Sustainability Committee) have been talking about contributing to the EPA effort on collecting case studies for various aspects of sustainable design.  I always thought that we design for Client, Site, Architecture AND Planet.  It’s that last one we are still trying to work out.  We can contribute something here: learn what works and pass it along.  If we design the future, let’s figure out how we can get good at it.

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Designer Notes: The lesson of soils

An old project. Photo by the author.

I’ve been itching to get back to the blog, and here I am.  I’m adjusting to the new normal.  This was the typical week in the middle of March where there is a warm, dry spell and we can get started in the landscape.  I have a large estate client (the estate is large, not the client) I’ve acquired and it just struck me this morning the parallels between this landscape and the fate of our soils over time.  The MELA (melaweb.org) conference was last month and the most telling message from the conference I gained, and had not realized until now, was the deeper fate of our soils here in the U.S. 

 Three quarters of the eastern deciduous forest (just about everything east of the Mississippi River) and the overwhelming majority of the mid-western prairie are now gone.  Setting aside hardscape covered urban and other non-crop areas, the majority of what remains is now farmland, turfgrass and the small balace of the built landscape.  The difference between the two, native vs. modern, is black and white concerning soils.  Our soils have moved from massive, fertile, deep-rooted water breathing carbon sinks that have root depths averaging 3 to 4 feet (even more in the case of trees) to a compacted, collapsed, washed away medium planted with root system depths hitting 12 to 18 inches deep or so on average, four to six inches for turfgrass.  No wonder run-off is something to control; we have spiked it beyond anything remotely historical by altering the plant communities that reside there.  It’s not just the loss of topsoil that’s the problem, but the extensive loss of root systems that interplay directly with the soil, microclimate, water and carbon.  Our soils used to be an extended organism absorbing and exhaling water deep into and out of  the earth.   Now it’s just a shallow shell of  it’s old self.  To think that humankind has not altered the planet in a negative way is just ignorance or stupidity.   Like the bulk of human achievement, there was no plan to diminish the benefits of our soils.  It just happened.  It’s the defacto plan and it’s the status quo now.  There are billions of dollars at stake in trying to change it.   Short term wins over long term.  Politics now dictates scientific conclusions to scientists.  Do we have a chance?

 Back to my client.  He has a large residence and several associated ponds built on the property.  As is custom with building construction, soil gets moved around, compacted and rebuilt from less than optimal sources.  Rebuilding a native landscape plant community on blended sub-soils without rebuilding the soil food web is not a winning path to landscape success.  When I was brought in to look at the three year old native-based landscape, I was looking at 30% to 50% mulched open ground.  I knew something was wrong.  The fact that he had big name Chicago hot-shots design and plant the place was telling.  Sell design. Sell plants. Sell services.  Move on.  They should have known better.  Nobody paid attention to the soil. 

 Needless to say we analyzed the place with a full spread of chemical and biological tests and worked at correcting the problem: compaction and lack of organic matter.  The critters were there, they were just starved for air and food.  We ended up drilling 3” cores 16” deep, 18” apart over about an acre of ground and then applied compost, compost tea and a number of humate additives to start bringing the soil back to a supportive level.  We worked all that in the fall of 2009 and the place jumped in 2010.  Better than I thought it would do.  The client was very pleased, and we are still tweaking it overall.  We are expanding the landscape into new areas to really make the place shine.

 I’m still struck by the fact that we live on a planet where the natural systems that sustain us are totally organic, totally powered by sunlight and recycle everything.  We have to incorporate human endeavors into our planet’s existing natural systems if we are to ever achieve sustainability.   Soils are the inheritance of our accumulated natural capital.  To ignore them is to tempt fate.

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On losing a zero

I’m hesitating here.  I know I started this blog about landscape design and the broader elements that dovetail into it, so this may be a little out of the loop.  But I do believe that everything influences everything else, what ever it may be. 

I’m a cancer survivor.  I had Testicular cancer in the early eighties (I’m 55 now).  It had already spread into my lungs when they found it.  Fortunately, they had just worked out a successful treatment about the time I was diagnosed.  They perfected it right here in Indiana (where I’m from), and my doctor trained on the original team that worked out the cure.  Good luck for me.  It never came back.  A little replacement hormone and I’m fine.  I think being threatened with premature death does shape your outlook or worldview to some degree, no matter how you look at it.  Being in the moment has more meaning when the moments seem limited.

I’m a double cancer survivor.  In 2005 I was one of the lucky 1800 or so men to get breast cancer.  I had one lump, and it had moved into 2 lymph nodes.  Stage 2B Estrogen positive for those who know about such things.  So I endured a bunch of ‘ectomies’, did the chemo thing (much easier than 25 years ago) and the follow-up therapy.  I know when you look at it, the hormonal connection is difficult to avoid.  My doctor closed my file after the initial breast cancer treatment and said, “Garth, you’re making me sweat”.  I really appreciated his candor.   They really have no idea why, or why those two cancers.  If it’s Karma, I have to wonder what the hell I did.  A little bizarre.  I woke up with a start after my breast cancer diagnoses and thought “I can be on Oprah!”  Then, on second thought, it sounded more like Jerry Springer material.  If there’s another cancer for me down the road, I’ll have 25 years if the time interval holds true.

The best image I could come up with

Well, I have to adjust my time frame.  I had a little chest congestion and cough, along with what I thought was a pulled back muscle starting about 5 weeks ago (Jan, 2011).  I went to the doc: they followed up and pulled back to find the cancer has spread to my lungs, spine and liver.  I hit the Breast Cancer Trifecta.  Stage 4.  They can slow it down, but they can’t stop it now.  The life expectancy mean is two years, but we think 3 to 5 is more like it.  I have lost a zero, going from maybe 40 years of life remaining to 4 or so.  It’s taking a little getting used to, but I’m ok with it for now.   I like Elizabeth Edward’s line: everyone’s going to die, I just have a little more information.   It’s the people you love, the people you leave behind that hurts the most.  Telling my mother was not easy.  I do have family, friends and one extraordinary mentor/friend to share the experience with.  I wish everybody the same.

I had a decent year last year in the business, and it looks strong this year as well.  I still look forward to good design, seeing them installed and mature, and seeing where the world is going.  For a while anyway.  So if the blog shifts a little from time to time, I hope you’ll understand.  I have to keep things interesting. 

 Garth

UPDATE:  Easter, 2011.  Maybe ten years is more like it, after considering all things further.  Not bad.

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Designer Notes: the Jazz Metaphor

My keyboard of choice

I’ve increasingly been thinking about how I generate the initial conceptual direction for a landscape design.  To me, the most rewarding time in the design process is when the base plan is finished and I begin to move the process forward in earnest.  I’ve always thought most designers fall out into one of two camps: Architectural (space, line, material) or Horticultural.  I admit I’m a closet architect.  I’ve always loved the early stages of design, working out space, line, proportion and the like.  The plant part is now really interesting as I’ve moved toward natives in my pallet, but the early stages where the design direction is generated still holds the most enjoyment for me.

 I’ve noticed a great similarity between Jazz improvisation and finding direction in design.  A good jazz improviser plays a delicate balance between innovation and repetition.  Most jazz forms set up a melodic/harmonic framework first, then you go back and play variations on that outline.  When you improvise, you are essentially playing two tunes for the listener.  You reference the original, previously stated line, keeping it alive in the mind of the audience.  The listener anticipates the next moment of the music based on what has come before.  The second is the variation, the improvisation.  The listener hears the two together, what they anticipate and the variation that is played.  It’s a powerful synergy.  Stray too far and you loose your listener to randomness.  Don’t move far enough and it’s boring.  The synergy collapses without the right cross connection occurring somewhere.  And with jazz improvisation, all this happens in the moment.  Great players weave the two lines together into a rich, symbiotic harmony that translates as great performance.  That does not mean the player cannot move far from the anticipated line.  Sometimes that is the form, to alter the form over the length of the tune.  Sometimes you stray farther over the course of the tune before returning with your lines, expanding your vocabulary as you go.  The variations are infinite.  That’s the free form of Jazz. 

The best players take this double line and spin a story out of it as they play.  There’s a beginning, there are new characters introduced, there are side stories, there are conflicts and resolutions along the way, there is growing tension, emotional crescendo, final resolution and parting epilogue.  The best solos have a complex story arch that moves you somewhere else.  At the end, you are in a different place.  These are the performances you can listen to over and over again.  There is always something else to read between the two lines.  This is the richness and depth of jazz.  

 My top two Jazz artists:

Keith Jarrett

Pat Metheny

along with their respective groups

I increasingly see that relationship in landscape design.  I’ve noticed for a long time that most if not all of the conceptual directions I take in my designs are suggested right in the process.  It may be in the client program, it may be site parameters you have to deal with, or it may be in the references buried somewhere underneath.  It might be one element in the mix that dictates the rest of the design.  The point is it’s right there.  You are not coming up with something new out of the blue.  It’s already there in the primary line.  You may find it early.  Sometimes it takes a while to bubble up, but it’s there.  You just have to find the existing line and then work out your story through improvisation.  I know this is not something new, but I’ve got a rich metaphor for understanding the relationship between the primary line and the improvisation.  It may be close to the original path (architecture, style, etc.), or it may be a risky step away (new materials, shapes and forms).  It will have touch points that will get you back to the primary.  The iterations are infinite.  Hopefully it takes the audience, the participant in the landscape, somewhere new where even repeat performances are appreciated.

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Plant porn, Winter and filling in the expectations.

I live in the Midwest, and that means my business slows down in the winter.  I may be designing at a reduced pace, but I’m not installing or seriously managing any projects for about 4 months.  I like this down time.  I can work at broader elements of the business, catch up on some continuing education or other pursuits (my piano time always increases), and even get away somewhere warmer.  

I’ve always thought about the idea (not mine) that temperate climates yield smarter cultures.  It’s all in the down time where we can sit back and reflect, meditate, be in the moment more than the rushed warm season.  Something about building long-term connections we can then act upon when things thaw.  Something like that.  Anyway, winter for a green industry type gets one to thinking about warmer, greener days.   You end up thinking about the landscape.  You end up thinking about plants.  That’s where plant catalogs and their images come into play.

  

 

“We tear down mature, diverse, high-functioning

bits of ecosystem and replace it with a rebuilt mix

of foreigners and pretty natives that function

at a fraction of the ecological level of the original site.”

  

 

The photography of plants and gardens is always an idealized effort.  To try to capture a momentary, multi-dimensional/sensual experience and then portray it as a flat visual for the eye is an exercise in approximation at best.  Photography is a great expressive medium.  It’s an art form.  I enjoy working at getting good photos when I’m behind the lens.  But it is second to the real thing.  As I am working up a new project, gathering the essentials for a base plan through numbers, sketches, inventories and pictures, I always stop, put it all down and just walk through and experience the site as it is.  Like a photograph, the breakout of the bits and pieces that make up the starting point for a new landscape design is not the landscape you have.  Documenting the moment changes the moment.  It’s the Quantum thing where observing changes what is observed.  I recall the joke asking your friend” how was your vacation”, and he replies: “I’m not sure, let me get the pictures”.  When it’s beige or beige-white outside, plant catalogs and a good book or two with a different approach to the garden (with lots of excellent pictures) can turn the days warmly greener.  Part of the visual process is that it’s a starting point for the mind.  A good picture depicts an idealized view of a plant or landscape, energizing us with promise.  It’s the flip side of the above where the generic experience of the landscape is drawn upon to fill in the gaps in the photo.  We become junkies when we love what we do.

The practical matter here is that plant catalogs offer more than just a reference to a given plant we know, but an idealized and sensationalized image to get us to act.  Page after page of variations on a theme.  Pick your type.  Which one does it for you?  I want that plant.  When it’s a new plant, one we don’t know or a variation on one we do, the image is it.  We get excited filling in the rest of the mental picture.  We can see it, feel it and taste it in our gardens and landscapes.  I want it.  That’s plant porn.

Stepping back from the emotional reaction, I’d like to ask how many more Heuchera, Hosta or Daylily variations do we need?  Is our quest for a “new” plant experience that powerful?  Have we idealized individual plants to the point where they are the prime focus of the landscape?   I can get by just fine with 20 Daylily and Hosta varieties each.  My design approach is more environmental/ecological in that habit, texture, community and time are  just as important as color or the individual show.  I have not added a Daylily or Hosta to my designs in two years.  It’s just the way it’s worked.  Neither of them are native and both are dreadfully overused.   That’s a conscious consideration in my designs.  Nothing else wrong with them.  I have them in my garden.  I’ll use them again somewhere. 

Another problem I have with the trafficking of plants is the international scale at which it operates.  The mixing of genetic types from all around the world has consequences.  A key element of SITES and a goal of sustainability is the restoration of our landscapes back to (or at least toward) a native-based ecology.  Hostas, daylilies and the rest of the foreign palette do not have a place in our local ecosystem.  The work of Dr. Douglas Tallamy should be a wake-up call for the entire green industry.  We tear down mature, diverse, high-functioning bits of ecosystem and replace it with a rebuilt mix of foreigners and pretty natives that function at a fraction of the ecological level of the original site.  Our native ecology pretty much ignores the foreigners.   Most of the mobile participants in the local eco-community move on elsewhere.   They just do not make connections with the strangers.  And elsewhere is getting really small.  Like the rest of the planet, our local ecosystems diminish in diversity and in the capacity to support and sustain the natural world every year.  I asked John Greenlee, the excellent grass ecologist, plant breeder and designer, if he thought it was a problem scrambling plants from all around the world.  He said in essence that the cat was out of the bag, and there’s no going back.  Yet, every year our diversity diminishes a little more. 

I’ve said I’m not a native purist, and it’s true.  If we can get back to 80% natives, I’ll give space to the showy denizens from foreign lands.  My guess, somewhat educated, is that we reside at best around a 50-50 ratio of natives to non-natives in our built landscapes, especially if you include the turfgrass lawn.  That’s not acceptable, nor is it sustainable for our ecosystems in the long run.

I was at the APLD Dallas convention last year, and one of the sessions was with a leading plant breeder/grower talking about the new stars bubbling up through the tens of thousands of hybrid crosses his company alone is currently working on.  He was giddy and goofy talking about his new creations.  Just wait till gene splicing gets going.  You’ll see a blue flowering dogwood that blooms twice a year.  Plant of the year 2027.   It will make millions for somebody.   I hope it doesn’t get to that.

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Project profiles: a natural landscape for a commercial client.

Photos by the author

Here’s some autumn flavor at a commercial installation I started several years ago.  It’s for a hydroponic production facility north of Three Oaks, Michigan.  I’ve known the owners for a long time and we are all plant nuts, so it was a great client from the beginning.  It’s on a large parcel of land, and there’s an entry drive that rises from the county road to the main gate before becoming the primary drive for the facility.  The owner lined the rising road cut with outcropping stone and added a good start of native trees and evergreens all along the drive.  I started from there.  I used an aerial photo to scale the project.

 

Remember that this is Michigan, so the landscape is dormant for at least 5 months of the year.  Winter interest is always one of the first steps to consider in design.  Working with such a large format, I added a number of larger grouped elements, stretched them out and repeated them for continuity.  I added tried and trusted Juniperus chinensis ‘Sea Green’, Yucca for a bold foliage, and a mix of grasses for structure overall.

The pockets in the outcropping rock were an environmental challenge in that they would be hot and dry.  I know that the green roof folks will say ‘what else is new’, but I included a number of sedums (including ‘Angelina’, a robust performer), ‘Fens Ruby’ Euphorbia, and some Creeping Thymes in the wetter areas.  The Thyme struggled some, but I got the puddled/cascading effect I wanted along with a variable look throughout the seasons.

 

Amsonia hubrichtii is the 2011 ‘Perennial Plant of the Year’ and for good reason.  It’s a regional native (stretching it a little here), has a delicate blue spring flower, and has a unique habit and fine texture along with a dependable bright golden hue in autumn.  I was surprised at the red-orange color variations shown in the photo above. 

Amsonia hubrichtii, with allium in front

I am not a native purist, so I worked in a number of good performing foreigners along with my broad selection of native plants.  Purple Moor Grass (shown in its tall, airy glory in the top photo), Miscanthus giganteus (the big boy by the gate), and variegated Japanese Fleeceflower among others.  Various hardy Geraniums, Nepetas, and shorter prairie grasses and perennials tie it together.

Slightly more massing and blending would have made a little better show, but it’s still maturing.  The grasses and shrubs will be coming into their own soon.  I’m working on various areas throughout the facility, and maybe I’ll profile other areas as they mature.

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The American Discourse

I occasionally skim the comments sections of various places I visit online.  Most sites I look at have a dedicated purpose and generally get an active set of comments from whatever community it relates to; decent conversation on matters of substance.  Sometimes I participate if I think my point is relevant.  On the other hand, general blog and news sites tend to also attract a different set of responders: people with no point to make, just the need to scream something into the digital ear, or those so wound up in there beliefs that they have to declare every utterance as polemics: right or left, patriotic or anarchist, wingnut or just plain Obama something or other.  They tend to live in those sites.  Shoot-the-messenger logic is always found within that mix.  It’s just too hard to debate ideas, so I’ll attack YOU.  You know the lines. 

I started posting on my blog about three weeks ago.  This is my fifth post.   I’ve had eight comments on my various entries.  I had no expectations.  Seven have been of the no-redeeming-value category of response.  “Bobble head”, ‘what kind of poop is this’, ‘blah blah yada yada’ are typical lines.  I’ve noticed the majority of their emails are from commercial entities like “buy a used vacation trailer from me.com”, “cheap crap.com” or the like.  What a pastime, looking for new places to mark with their verbal urine.  And I don’t aim to demean canines.  I imagine some employer is paying them a wage for their time.  Must be a few of them out there.  They’ve already found my little voice on all the web.

Part of what I’ll be saying will be political, anti-something and will piss somebody off.  They will be wrong, but that’s the point.  Debate me on the ideas.  I’ll tell you if you have a point.  I want to see some logic in the banter.  And if you can’t quite fire up your other neuron, skip to the next site.  I’m certain there are throngs who will appreciate your wit over there.

I did have one woman (I gathered from her email address) that said the site was interesting and she had just started a blog of her own and she got some ideas from me.  And she said that in more than one sentence!  It was nice, but I thought not quite relevant to the blog.  Now, I wish I made her comment the official first.  She deserved it, just by rising above the rest.

I bet I’ll get them now.

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Lawns: Bully or Respect?

I read Ron Hall’s article in Landscape Management Direct on turfgrass, and I sent in a response. His jist is that turfgrass is vital to our culture (indeed a hallmark of advanced culture) and yet ‘got no respect’ from SITES. I’ll quickly say poor Haiti and Darfur do not need the resource hungry turfgrass lawn to progress, but that’s another discussion. 

As a member of the APLD reviewing team for SITES, we looked at the lack of turf guidelines. What SITES did very well is define and award future credit for the restoration of our landscapes back toward an indigenous ecology. If you look at the SITES credits individually, you find problems for turfgrass with each of the issues of water, bio-diversity, wildlife habitat, sustainable maintenance, life cycle assessment, carbon neutrality and native identity. It’s hard to believe turfgrass will not survive unchanged through the filter of SITES. The two requirements of a sustainable maintenance plan and 50% less water use alone will directly challenge traditional turf. I know the list of turf’s ‘positives’, but most of these could be supplied by other plant selections in the landscape, plants far less in need of water, fertilizer, pesticides and physical maintenance. I’d love to see a good comparative study. Yes, turf has its place. Sometimes nothing else will work. We should plan for an appropriate, adequately sized lawn if the program calls for it, but turfgrass is not vital to the landscape. It should stop being used as cheap infill. Cheap it is not.

Let’s be clear what we are dealing with. A multi-billion dollar industry is committed to turfgrass. Landscape Management magazine needs turfgrass. Turfgrass is one of the largest green industry elements that will have to change if we are to meet the challenge of sustainability. Long-term change is difficult. There will be losers and new winners.  Respect? Just being one of the biggest players on the team doesn’t get you any if you can’t play the new game. Respect is something earned.

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Hipshots: chew on these elements…

I do enjoy watching the food competitions between chefs where they are given a mystery box of off the wall ingredients (like rutabagas, blueberries, stale potato chips and leeks) along with whatever is in the fridge before they go at it. Design is design. You do with what you are given. A diet of variables, including limited time.

I love the Southwest and this grouping’s pretty good, but the food looks better.

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